ZIRLAI 8 NA: PAULA LEHKHATHAWN TE

 Bible thu chiar tur : 2Thessalonika3: 13-18; 2Korinth7:8-12; 2Timothea3:16 & 4:13.

Thuvawn         : Chutichuan unaute u, ding nghet ula, thurochhiahte chu thusawiin emaw kan lehkha thawntein emaw kan zirtir che u kha pawm tlat rawh u (2 Thessalonika2:15).

1. THUHMAHRUAI: 

Paula mimal chanchin leh a Pathian thu zirtir dan vawiin thlenga mi tam takin kan hriat theih chhan chu, a lehkhathawnte vang a ni. Bung danga kan la zir tur ‘a zirtirnate’ phei chu a lehkhathawnte atang chauha mi ten an sawi chhawn, lehkhabu tam tak an ziah phahna leh Pathian thu dik inzirtirna tam ber kan dawnna an ni. Chuvang chuan a kutchhuaka ngaih lehkhabute hian a hranpaa zir an phu a. Zirlai bung khat emaw leka khung sen rual erawh a  nih dawn loh avangin, a pawimawh zuala ngaihte kan lawr khawm dawn a. Paula lehkhathawn hrilhfiahnain bul kan tan ang a, a lehkhathawn hrang hrang chanchin tarlangin, a lehkhathawn pawimawhnate pawh kan zir tel bawk ang.

2. PAULA LEHKHATHAWN HRILHFIAHNA:

Paula hian Grik leh Rom ho lehkhathawn ziah dan (Greco-roman/hellenistic model) kalhmang zuiin lehkhathawn a ziak tlangpui a. Kalhmang pangngai zawm vek lova lehkhathawn a ziah dan pawh a lehkhathawn thenkhat atangin a hriat theih bawk. Hmanlai lehkhathawn ziaktu ten lehkhathawn ziak dan kalhmang an zawm tlangpuiah chuan, lehkhathawn an ziahin heng hi a awm ngei thin; 

i) A khuh hawnna/bul tanna(opening formula)

ii) Lawmthusawina emaw malsawmna (thanksgiving)

iii) A ruangam pui ber (main body/massage), 

iv) Tlipna leh chibaibukna (concluding formula) te a ni. 

Paula lehkhathawn tam zawkahte pawh hian chutiang ang lehkhathawn ziak dan kalhmang chu hmuh tur a awm deuh zel a ni. 

3. PAULA LEHKHATHAWNTE CHANCHIN: 

Thuthlung Thar-a lehkhabu sawmhnih pasarih (27) zinga bu sawmhnih pakhat (21) te hi ‘lehkhathawn’ huang chhunga dah an ni a. Chungte chu ; Rom, 1&2 Korinth, Galatia, Ephesi, Philippi, Kolossa, 1&2 Thessalonika, 1&2 Timothea, Tita, Philemona, Jacoba, 1 & 2 Petera; 1,2&3 Johana, Juda te an ni. Chung lehkhathawn sawmhnih pakhat (21) zinga sawm pathum (13) te chu Paula kut chhuak bika ngaih an ni, chungte chu; Rom, 1&2 Korinth, Galatia, Ephesi, Philippi, Kolossa, 1&2 Thessalonika, 1&2 Timothea, Tita, Philemon te an ni. 

Paula lehkhathawnte chu hmun thumah then an ni a. Chungte chu;

- Huapzo lehkhathawn. 

- Tanin lehkhathawn. 

- Kohhran enkawlna lam lehkhathawn te an ni.

Then hran an nih dan zulzuiin heng lehkhathawn chanchin hi tlem lo tarlang i la;

i) Huapzo Lehkhathawn: 

‘Huapzo lehkhathawn’ zingah hian; Rom, 1&2Korinth, Galatia, 1&2Thessalonika mite hnena lehkhathawnte an awm a. Huapzo lehkhathawn tia an vuah chhan ber ni awma lang chu ‘Tanin lehkhathawn’ te nen then hran a rem zawk vang a ni. Chu bakah chuan; a ziaktuin mimal puala a ziak ni lo, kawh bik emaw tih chhan emaw pawh nei lo, a thuchah dawng tura ngaih mitinin an lo dawnsawn theih tura lehkhathawn ziah an nih vangte a ni. Heng lehkhathawn chanchin hi a khaikhawmna tawite tein lo tarlang i la;

- Rom Khuaa Mite Hnena Lehkha Thawn: He lehkhathawn hi A.D 57 bawra ziah, Korinth khua atanga ziah leh thawn nia rin a ni. A thuchah ken hi a tawi thei ang bera kan tarlan chuan; Chandamna thu (soteriological) leh hun hnuhnung lam (eschatological)  - thihna, rorelna lo awm tur chanchin ziahna leh inzirtirna a ni.

- 1 & 2 Korinth Khuaa Mite Hnena Lehkha Thawn: He lehkhathawn hi A.D 55-57 vela ziah a ni. 1 Korinth lehkhathawn hi Ephesi atanga ziah leh thawn nia rin niin; 2 Korinth hi Makedonia atanga ziah leh thawn nia ngaih a ni. Lehkhathawna thuchah kan hmuhte chu; kohhrana inthenna avanga inpumkhatna pawimawh zia te, kohhran nihna dik tak inkawhhmuhna te, thilpek chungchang thu te, tuarna leh ropuina lo awm tur chung changte leh thil danga fuihnate an ni.

- Galatia Rama Mite Hnena Lehkha Thawn: He lehkhathawn ziah hun hi chhut dan hrang hrang a awm a. Mi thenkhat chuan Paula lehkhathawn ziah hmasak berah ngaiin, ‘A.D 48 bawra a ziah a ni’ an ti. Antiokei khua atanga ziah leh thawn nia rin a ni. A thuchah bulpui chu; ‘Dan thiltih vang ni lo, rin vanga chhandam thu’ a ni.

- 1&2 Thessalonika Khuaa Mite Hnena Lehkha Thawn: He lehkhathawn hi A.D 50 – 51 kuma ziah, Korinth khua atanga ziah leh thawn nia ngaih a ni. A thuchah ken tlangpui chu; Pathian tilawm nun  nei tura fuihna te, Lalpa lo kal lehna leh a lo kal leh dawn avanga inpeih tur leh fuihna dangte an ni.

ii) Tanin Lehkhathawn:

Tanin lehkhathawn zingah hian; Ephesi, Philipi, Kolosa mite leh Philemona hnena lehkhathawnte an awm a. Tanin lehkhathawn tia vuah a nih chhan chu ‘tanin-a Paula a tan laia a ziahte an nih vang’ a ni. Philemona hnena lehkhathawn tih loh, he mi hnuaia lehkhathawnte hi, huapzo lehkhathawn huanga dah theih ‘a ziaktuin mimal puala a ziah ni lo, kawh bik emaw tih chhan emaw nei lo, a thuchah dawng tura ngaih mitinin an lo dawnsawn theih tura lehkhathawn ziah’ kan tih ang tho kha an ni.

He mi huang chhunga lehkhathawn chanchinte hi tawitein lo kaikhawm i la;

- Ephesi Khuaa Mite Hnena Lehkha Thawn: He lehkhathawn hi A.D 60 kuma ziah niin, Rom tan ina a tan laia ziah leh thawn a ni. He lehkhathawnin thuchah a ken tlangpui chu; Isua Krista hnathawh chanchin (Christology) leh chu mi zara mihringin dinhmun hlu tak a neih leh a tih tur inkawhhmuhna a ni ber.

- Philippi Khuaa Mite Hnena Lehkha Thawn: He lehkhathawn ziah a nih lai hian Paula hi a tang ngei a, amaherawhchu eng tan in berah nge a tan tih a chiang lo. A tanna hmun azirin lehkhathawn ziah a nih hun pawh a danglam thei ang; he tiangin – Rom (A.D 61-62), Kaisari (59-60), Ephesi (55-60). Lehkhathawnin thuchah a ken ber chu;  Krista inngaihtlawmna entawn chunga rinnaa awm reng tura infuihna a ni.

- Kolosa Khuaa Mite Hnena Lehkha Thawn: He lehkhathawn hi Rom tanina a tan laia ziah leh A.D 60 bawra ziah a nih rin a ni. A thuchah ken chu; zirtirna dik lo do letna atan Isua Pathianna tarlangin, Isua Krista nun anga nung tura infuihna a ni.

- Philemona Hnena Lehkha Thawn: He lehkhathawn hi A.D 60 vela ziah leh, Rom khuaa Paula a tan laia  ziah a nih rin a ni. A thuchah ber chu; ngaihdamna leh inrem lehna a ni.

iii) Kohhran Enkawlna Lam Lehkhathawn:

Kohhran enkawlna lam lehkhathawn huang chhungah hian 1&2Timothea leh Tita hnena lehkha thawnte an awm a. Kohhran enkawlna lam lehkhathawn an tihchhan chu kohhran lam kaihhnawih (ecclesiological); kohhran enkawltu tlinna, mawhphurhna leh tih tur thenkhat inkawhhmuhna leh infuihna lehkhathawn an nih vang a ni.

Heng lehkhathawn pathum (3) chanchin hi tawite tein lo khaikhawmna i la;

- 1&2 Timothea Hnena Lehkha Thawn: 1Timothea lehkhathawn ziahna hmun hi Makedonia a nih rin a ni a: 2Timothea lehkhathawn chu Rom atanga ziah a nih rin a ni. A pahniha thawn chhuah a nih hun hi A.D 60 leh 64 bawr vel a nih rin a ni. Lehkhathawn thuchah ber chu; zirtirna dik lo laka fimkhur ngaih thu, tawngtai tura fuihna, kohhran hotu nihna leh tihtur, mi dang chunga rilru put dan tur te, rawngbawltu mawhphurhna hrang hrang te a ni.

- Tita Hnena Lehkha Thawn: He lehkhathawn ziahna leh a hun hi tarlan thiam a harsa hle. Mi thenkhat chuan A.D 57 emaw 62 emaw vela ziah a nih an ring. A ziahna hmun hi Korinth emaw Ephesi khua emaw a nih an ring. A thuchah kente chu; Kohhran hotu nihna leh tih tur, zirtirna hrisel leh Pathian rawngbawltu mawhphurhna hrang hrangte a ni.

4. PAULA LEHKHATHAWN PAWIMAWHNA:

Tunhmain khawvel chanchinah (history), lehkhathawn dangdai, hriat hlawh tak tak a lo awm tawh thin.  Chungte chuan chanchin mak leh ngaihnawm tak neiin, eng emaw zawng takin mite rilru an hneh a; sulhnu dangdai tak pawh an lo nei tawh thin. Amaherawhchu, Paula lehkhathawnte aia lehkhathawn thiltithei leh mite ngaihven, khawvel chawk danglamtu hi lehkhathawn ziah tawh zingah a la awm lo hial awm e. Lehkhabu ziaktu lar Nicholas Sparks-a chuan, “Paula lehkhathawnte tel lo chuan kristianna hi ngaihtuah thiam pawh a harsa a; ziah an nih atanga kum sang hnih (2000) hnulam thlengin sulhnu tam tak a nei a, mite hneh theihna pawh a la nei reng a ni” a ti a ni.

Paula lehkhathawn pawimawh zia hi tarlan sen rual a ni lo nain a then-azar erawh lo tarlang i la;

- Pathian thu nung kan dawnna hnar a ni. 

- Chhandamna thu min hrilh a, a kawng min kawhhmuh bawk. 

- Rin dan min zirtir a. 

- Pathian duh zawng leh duh loh zawng min hriattir a. 

- Ringtute nun dan tur min hrilh a. 

- Kohhran nihna leh kalphung min zirtir a. 

- Isua, Pathian leh mihring a nihna chiang takin a tarlang a.

- Isua leh tirhkohte an awm ngei zia a nemnghet a.

- Zirtirna dik lo dodalin, chutiang laka ringtute himna tur a tarlang a.

- Kohhran kal dan leh kohhranin hun harsa a hmachhawn dante pawh a tarlang a ni.

Heng bakah hian, ‘Paula lehkhathawnte hi, Juda ho sakhaw ziding leh nun phung (Judaism) chak tak kara kristian thurin leh chin dan, a zik chhuh theihna tura hanraw pawimawh; khawvela sakhaw lian ber a ni hial theihna tura kristianna hlang kangtu zing ami’ tia sawi a ni. Mi zawng zawng kal phak lohna hmun a thleng thei a. Hmun eng leh thim ber thlengin a fang chhuak thei. Mi ropui leh hnuaihnung a thliar lova. Mi tawrawt, rorum leh sual ber berte nun thlak danglamin, mi tha leh hman tlakah mi sang tam tak a chhuah tawh a ni. 

A thu kente hian a dawngtu mihring azirin a hawl zau em em a. Indawr tawnna (communication)  atana thil pawimawh  min kawhhmuhin, nun dan phung tha inkawhhmuhna lam (ethical/moral principle) te, sum enkawl leh thil dang relbawl dan (management) te, pawl enkawl leh kaihhruai dan (administration) te, harsatna leh buaina hmachhawn leh chinfel dan, thurawn inpekna lam (crisis/family counselling) te, thlarau lam mit varna leh harsatna chinfel dan thlengin min hrilh a. ‘Tarlan kim rual loh thu tha min kawhhmuhtu’ ti i la, chu chuan a khai khawm kim ber awm e. 

5. KHAIKHAWMNA:

i) Paula lehkhathawnte hi ‘epistle’ tiin an sawi thin a. Chu chu ‘lehkhathawn’ thihna a ni. Grik leh Rom ho lehkhathawn ziah dan kalhmang zuiin Paula hian lehkhathawn a ziak tlangpui.

ii) Paula lehkhathawnte chu hmun thumah then an ni a. Then an nih dan leh lehkhathawn awmzat hetiang hi a ni;

- Huapzo lehkhathawn: Lehkhathawn 6 a awm. Chungte chu; Rom, 1 & 2 Korinth, Galatia, 1 & 2 Thessalonika.

- Tanin lehkhathawn: Lehkhathawn 4 a awm. Chungte chu; Ephesi, Philippi, Kolossa mite leh Philemona hnena lehkhathawn te.

- Kohhran enkawlna lam lehkhathawn: Lehkhathawn 3 a awm. Chungte chu; 1 & 2 Timothea leh Tita hnena lehkha thawn te.

iii) Paula lehkhathawnte pawimawh zia hi tarlan kim sen rual a ni lo, thu tha tinreng min kawhhmuhtu an ni.

SAWI HO TUR: 

“Tirhkoh Paula kaltlanga thuchah kan dawnte hi ‘Pathian thua’ kan pawm chuan, zofate zinga ‘inlarna hmute thu chhuak’ pawh hi engah nge Pathian thuah kan pawm loh bik ang?” ti an awm thin. He ngaihdan hi eng tiang anga ngaih tur nge? Pawm dan him leh him lo a awm thei em?

ZIRLAI PUITU:

Paula Lehkhathawn then dan: Bible-a lehkhathawn 21 te hi a thentu azirin then dan a inang lo. Dan tlangpuiin Paula lehkhathawnte nen vek hian hmun 5-ah then an ni a. Chungte chu; i) Chanchin Tha: Chanchin Tha 4 te, ii) History: Tirhkohte Thiltih,  iii) Paula lehkhathawnte: Paula lehkhathawn 13 te, iv) Huapzo Lehkhathawn (General epistle): Paula lehkhathawn lo zawng Hebrai, Jocoba, 1&2Petera, 1,2,&3Johana, and Juda lehkhathawn te, v) Hrilhlawkna: Thupuan. Tuna Paula lehkhathawn then dan kan tarlan hi Paula lehkhathawn zir bikna lehkhabu tam tak ziaktute then/ziah dan a ni. ‘Paula kut chhuak an ni vek lovang’ tih ringtu mi thenkhatin Deutero-Pauline leh Trito-Pauline tia an thliar hranna te, General leh Pastoral ang chauha thentute a awm bawk a, F.F Bruce-a phei chuan hmun 4-ah a then a, chungte erawh tarlan vek tul lovah ngai ang.

Lehkhathawn ziah hun: Lehkhathawn ziah hun hi a chhuttu leh lehkhabu ziaktu azirin a danglam nasa thin hle. Chuvang chuan a hun leh a hmun chungchang thu atan hian, lehkhabu rintlaka ngaih 3; Dictionary of Paula & his Letters: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship te, An Introduction to the New Testament by D.A Carson & Douglas J. Moo te, A Brief Study of Paul & his Epistle by O.M Rao te rawn bik an ni.

Rom tan ina a tan laia ziah: Eph 3:1 & 4:1-ahte hian lehkhathawn ziah a nih lain, Paula chu taninah a awm ngei tih a hriat a. Rom-ah te, Kaisari leh Ephesi  taninahte a tan tawh avangin, Ephesi tih loh, khawi tanina a tan laiin nge he lehkhathawn hi ziah a nih? tih erawh a chiang lo. Amaherawhchu mi tam takin Rom tanin-a a tan laia ziah a nih an ring.

Kohhran Enkawlna Lam Lehkhathawn: Sap tawnga ‘pastoral epistle/letter’ tih chu ‘kohhran enawlna lam lehkhathawn’ tiin kan letling a. He tawngkam (pastoral) hi D.N Berdota’n kum 1793-a a vuah, kum zabi 18-na atanga hman lar tan a ni. 

Isua, Pathian leh mihring a nihna: Zirtirna dik loin kohhrante a chiahpiah avang leh mi tam takin Isua nihna chungchang thuah rinhlelhna nasa tak an neih thin avangin ‘Isua, Pathian leh mihring a nihna’ thu zirtirna hi a hun lai chuan a pawimawh em em a ni. Chutiang bawkin, Isua leh zirtirte chanchin hi kum zabi a lo liam meuh chuan mi tam takin ringhlelin ‘thawnthu ang’ lekah chhuah an tum thin a. Mahse Paula lehkhathawnte hian ‘an awm ngei zia leh, dik zia’ a nemnghet thin a ni.

Communication: Communication hi chi hrang hrangin then a ni; Intra-personal communication (ngaihtuahna, hriatna, adt., mihring chhunga thleng) Inter-personal communication (mimal leh mimal inkara thleng/indawrna lam), Group Communication (pawl awm khawm inkara indawr tawnna lam), Mass/social Communication (Mipui tam zawk kara indawr tawnna thil). Heng mihring indawr nana thil pawimawh zawng zawng hi Paula lehkhathawnahte hian hmuh tur a awm kim vek a ni.

___________________

Epistle & Letter: Hriatna belhchhahtu atan ‘zirlai puitu’ atanga paih tawh ‘lehkhathawn’ tia lehlin ve ve theih ‘epistle & letter’ danglamna hi lo dah chhuak ve hrim hrim i la.

Mi thenkhat hrilhfiah danin epistle zawng zawng hi letter a ni a. Letter zawng zawng erawh epistle a ni vek lo. ‘Thu eng emaw inzirtirna ziahna lehkhabu zawng zawng hi lehkhabu vek a ni a, amaherawhchu lehkhabu zawng zawng hi thu inzirtirna lehkhabu a ni vek lo’ tih ang deuh a ni. Epistle chu Grik tawng ‘epistole’ atanga lak a ni a, a tirah chuan ‘tawngkaa thu inhlan chhawn’ (oral communication) sawina a ni. A hnuah chuan a bik taka ziah lehkhathawn; sakhaw rindan te, inzirtirna te, adt sawina a ni a. Zirtirtuin chhan bulbal tak neia  zirlai hnena lehkhathawn a thawn ang a ni. Lehkhathawn (letter) chuan mimal leh mimal inkara lehkhathawn satliah; kal hmang nei lutuk lo, thu ho mai mai, adt thlengin a huam a. Chuvang chuan ‘epistle leh lehkhathawn hi a inang lo’ an ti a ni. King James Version bible-ah pawh hian a tawng bul lama epistle tih thumal hi vawi 24 a awm a. Chung zinga 15 chu ‘epistle’ tiin kan hmu a, a bak 9 chu letter(s) tia lehlin an ni.

Lehkhathawn dangdai (Hei pawh hi a chhiar peihte tan tarlang hrim hrim i la): Martin Luther King - chi leh chi (mihang & mingo) inhuatna duh lova do thintu a ni. A lehkhathawn hi Washington DC khuaa  a thu sawi lar em em ‘Mang ka nei’ (I have a dream) tih a sawi hma deuh lawk Birmingham tannina a tan laia a ziah a ni. Mi ngo, kohhran hruaitu mi pariat (8) zetin a hmalak dan duh lovin, a dodal zawnga  thuchhuah chanchinbu kal tlanga an siam avangin, chu mi chhan let nan chuan lehkhathawn hi a ziak a ni. Winston Charchill - 1940 kuma Britist P.M a nihin a private secretary, Eliot Crawshay-Williams chuan German Nazi-ho nen inremna siampui turin lehkha a thawn a. Charchill-a chuan a chhan let nan, “I lehkhathawn ziah avang hian ka zahpui takzet che a; hal ral atan emaw theihnghil atan, ka lo thawn kir e” tih ringawt ziakin a thawn kir a. Chu lehkhathawn pahnih chu hal ral ta lo chuan dah that a ni a.  Kum 2010 khan pound 35,850 zetin lilam a ni. India pawisa chuan Rs. 33,32,257 (92.95x?) lawih a ni. Grace Bedell-i - kum 11 chauh a nih laiin, kum 1860 khan a hnu lawka U.S President ni ta Abraham Lincoln-a chu lehkha thawn a. ‘Khabe hmul I zuah chuan ka unau mipa pali (4) te hian an vote vek ang che, I hmai a hriam si a, khabehmul i zuah chuan chu chuan i lan dan a ti danglam ngawt ang…’ tih thu a ni. He lehkhathawn vang hi a ni chiah em tih fiahna a awm lo nain, lehkhathawn a dawn atanga thla khat pawh tling lovah Abraham Lincon-a chuan khabe hmul a zuah ta anga sawi a ni. England lal Henry VII - nupui (fa hrin sak thei lo) a neih reng lain Anne Boleyn hnenah lehkha a thawn a. A hnuah Roman Catholic dan khermei tak bawhchhiahin a nupui chu thenin Anne Boleyn chu nupuiah a innei ta a. A chungah kohhran thununna nghah niin, English siamthatna (English reformation)-in a zui phah ta bawk a ni.

ZIRLAI 7 NA: PAULA MAN A NIH DAN LEH A THIH DAN

Bible thu chiar tur : Tirhkohte13:1-5; 15:1-6; 15:36-16:5.

Thuvawn         : “Eng in ti nge ni, in tah in tah a, ka lung in tihchhiat? Lalpa Isua hming avang chuan Jerusalem khuaa phuar chang ka huam lova, thih pawh ka huam asin” (Tirhkohte21:13).

1. THUHMAHRUAI: 

Zirlai hmasaah khan ‘Chanchin Tha hrila a zin vawi thumnaah Paula chuan Jerusalem a tlawh a, man a tawk ta a ni’ kan ti a. Tun tumah chuan, a chanchin kal zel chhunzawm nan; Jerusalem-a man a tawh dan te, Rom khaw pana a zin thu te, a thih dante kan zir dawn a ni.

2. JERUSALEM-AH PAULA MAN A NI: 

Chanchin Tha hrila a zinna hmun atangin Paula hi Suria ram lamah haw a tum a (Tirh20:3). Amaherawhchu Judaten an phiar avangin a kal tawhna Makedonia ramah letin Akaia ram a pan ta a. Tichuan Jerusalem khaw lamah Pentikost nang hman turin a kal chhunzawm zel a ni (Tirh 21:16). A zin kawng lakah chuan ‘Jerusalem khua tlawh lo turin’ Thlarau hrilhin mi thenkhatin an hriattir a (Tirh 21:4), mahse Paula hian Jerusalem hi a tlawh ta tho a ni. 

Ni sarih (7) vel Jerusalema a cham hnuin, Asia rama Juda mi, Jerusalema awm vete chuan mipui an fuihpawrh a, Pathian biak ina a awm laiin an man ta a. Amah avanga mipui zingah buaina a nasat avang leh mipuiin tihhlum hial an tum avangin sipai hotu lal ber thupek angin sipai ten khaidiat an bun tir a. Tichuan a hnampuite laka thubuai nei, sipaite kuta mi tang a lo ni ta a ni.  An man lai hi A.D 57-58 vel anga chhut a ni a. An man chhan emaw Judate laka thubuai a neih chhante chu;

i) ‘Ram tina mite hnenah; Juda mi te, Dan te, Pathian biak inte a sawi chhe thin’ tia an puh avang a ni (Tirh21:28).

ii) ‘Pathian biakinah Grik mite luhpuiin Pathian Biak in a tibawlhhlawh’ tiin an puh (Tirh21:28; 24:5).

iii) Isua, mi pakhat, ‘a nung leh a ni’ a tih vang (Tirh23:6; 25:19).

iv) An thlahtute hnena Pathianin thu a tiam beisei kawng thu vang (Tirh 26:6-7) a ni bawk.

An man hnu chuan sipai hotu lal ber hmaah te, Sanhedrin hmaah te, ram awptu Felika hmaah te, Felika thlaktu Festa hmaah te, Lal Agrippa  leh a farnu Berniki hmaah te dingin a thiam thu a sawi thin a. Amaherawhchu Paula hian lal ber Kaisara (emperor) hnenah a thubuai thlen a ngiat avangin, ram awptu Festa chuan Rom-ah a tir ta a ni.

3. PAULA ROM KHUAA A ZIN THU:

Rom pana a zin chanchin hi a thih hmaa a zin tawp ber tih niin, a zin hun hi A.D. 59-60 vel a ni. A chuanna lawngah hian Makedonia ram mi Aristarka, Thessalonika khua leh Luka ni ngei tura ngaih an tel a. Tin, mi tang dang leh sipai eng emaw zat an tel bawk (Tirh 27:2). A chungchang thu Rom-a ngaihtuah Paulan a duh chhan hi kawng thum a awm thei; 

i) Amah phiar rengtu, a chipuite rorelna hmaah chuan rorelna dik hmuin a inring lo a ni thei a. 

ii) Pathian hnen ata hriattirna (Tirh23:11) a dawn vang a ni thei a. 

iii) A thubuai ngaihtuahnaa Juda-ho an inrawlh phak lohna hmun, Rom khuaa a thubuai thlen leh rel hi Rom mi a nihna anga Paula chanvo a ni.

Kaisari atangin lawngin an chhuak a. Mura khua an thlenin an chuanna lawng an thlak a. Klaudi leh Meliti thliarkar inkara an awmin, thlipui na takin a nuai a; lawnga chuang ten nun reng an inbeisei tawh loh khawpin thlipui chuan a nuai a. Ni sawm leh pali (14) zet hnuah chuan an lawng chu a pil ta a. Lawnga chuang mi zahnih sawmsarih leh paruk (276) te erawh chu him takin Mileti thliarkarah an inhai chhuak a. Mileti-ah chuan thla thum (3) an cham a. Thla thum hnuah Aleksandria lawng ‘Phir’ an tihah an chuang leh a. Ni eng emaw zat hnuah Rom an thleng ta a ni. Rom an thlenin Paula chu vengtu sipai nen amah chauhva a awm an phalsak a (Tirh 28:16). Tanina tang ang ni lovin, ‘in lamah, khuahkhirhna hnuaia awm leh tang’ a ni.

4. PAULA THIH THU:

Paula chu kum hnih (2) pumhlum (A.D. 60-62) ama in hawhah a awm a. A hnena lo kalte hnenah Pathian ram thu leh Lal Isua Krista thu hrilhin a zirtir thin (Tirh 28:30-31). A chanchin kal zel hi kum A.D 62 bak chu bible atanga chhuizui theih a ni tawh meuh lo. Hmanlai chanchin ziaktu tam zawk chuan “A.D 64 tawp lam emaw, A.D 65 tir lamah emaw Paula lu an tan a, a martar ta a ni” an ti. Kum zabi palina (4) huna hmanlai chanchin ziaktu lar tak Eusebius-a (Eusebias-a), kohhran chanchin ziaktu lar tak chuan hetiang hian a ziak, “Nero-a rorel lain Paula chu Rom-ah a lu tan a ni. Petera pawh khenbeh a ni. An phumna hmun  ‘Petera leh Paula’ tia an vuah chu tun thlengin a la awm. Chu chuan an thih dan chanchin a nemnghet a: Heng an chanchin hi bishop Dionysius (Dainisias-a, A.D 170 huna bishop) chuan Rom mite hnena a lehkhathawnah ziakin min hrilh” tiin.

Paula martar chungchang thuah hian, a thih dan emaw a thih chhan chungchang thuah ‘ziaka awm ngei’ thil chhui chian dawl tak a awm a; chungte chu;

i) A.D 64-ah Nero-a lal laiin, Rom-ah chuan kang mei nasa tak a chhuak a. Kang mei chhuah chhanah chuan kristian te puh an ni. Chu chuan kristiante huatna nasa tak a hring chhuak a, khawvel ata nuai bo duh khawpin kristian-te a huat tir a. Chu chuan tihduhdahna rapthlak tak a hring chhuak a . Mi tam tak an tihlum a, chung zingah chuan Paula pawh a tel ve a ni.

ii) Petera leh Paula martar atanga kum 30 vel hnuah, A.D 95 kumin Rom kohhran chuan Korinth kohhran hnenah lehkha an thawn a.  An lehkhathawn chu 1 Clement tiin an vuah a. Chu lehkhathawnah chuan mi tam tak martar chhan tarlan a ni. ‘Paula chu thikna leh dodalna avanga tihduhdah tuar leh, a hnua martar a ni’ tih a chuang a ni. 

5. KHAWIKHAWMNA:

i) Chanchin Tha hrila a zin vawi thumnaah; a kir lehlamin Paulan Jerusalem a pan a, kawng lakah chuan Thlarau hriattirin mi thenkhatin (Tirh 21:4) ‘Jerusalem-a kal lo turin’ an hrilh a, mahse Paula hian Jerusalem hi a tlawh ta tho a ni.

ii) Jerusalem-ah chuan man a tawk a. An man hun hi A.D 57-58 vel anga chhut a ni.

iii) An man hnuin thuneitu hrang hrang hnenah a thiam thu a sawi a. Lal ber Kaisara  hnenah a thu buai thlen a ngiat a. Ram awptu Festa chuan Rom-ah a tir a. Rom pana lawnga an zin hun hi A.D 59-60 vel a ni.

iv) Tuifinriatah nasa takin thlipuiin a nuai a, an lawng a keh a; an zin chhunga a tum hnihna (2) atan an lawng an thlak nghe nghe.

v) Rom a thlen hnuin ama in hawhah kum hnih (2) pumhlum (A.D. 60-62) a awm a. A hnena lo kalte hnenah Pathian ram thu leh Lal Isua Krista thu hrilhin a zirtir thin.

vi) Kum A.D.64-ah tihduhdahna nasa tak Rom-ah a chhuak a. Mi tam tak an martar a. Paula pawh Chanchin Tha avangin a lu an tan a; A.D 64  emaw 65 velah a martar.

SAWIHO TUR:

Lal Isua leh Chanchin Tha avanga kan thil neihte phal taka kan pek theih laiin; a tana nun hlan ngam erawh ‘kan tamin, kan tam lo’ maithei. A chhan nia kan hriatte sawiho ni se. 

ZIRLAI PUITU:

Biak In tibawlhhlawh: Jerusalem biak in (temple) hi hmun 4-ah then a ni a, chungte chu; Jentail kawt zawl, a pawn ber (Court of the Jentile), hmeichhe kawt zawl (Court of women), Israel-te (mipa) kawt zawl (court of Israel), Puithiam kawt zawl (court of the priest) leh, hmun thianghlim ber te an ni. Hmun tin hi thianghlim veka ngaih a ni a. Jentail-ho leh hmeichhe-ho hi an kawt zawl bak kal thian a ni lo. Jentail-ho hian hmun dang an rap a nih chuan ‘thinghlim lo/bawlhhlawh’ an ni.

Pathianin an thlahtute hnena thu a tiam beisei kawng thu: An thaltute hnena Pathianin thu a tiam beisei an neih chu - Messia lo kal tur thu te, an ram atana Pathianin a ruat sak hmuna hruai kira an awm huna Messia’n chatuana ro a rel sak tur thu te, leh Messia avanga hamthatna dang an chan tur te, adt a kawk thei ang. An beisei Messia chu Paula hian Isua nen a hmehbel avang te, ‘thihna ata a tho leh ngei a ni’ a tih avangtein - Juda sakhaw rin dan nen, a bikin sadukai-ho zirtirna leh beisei dan nen a inkalh tlat a ni.

Sanhedrin: Sanhedrin chu Juda-ho zinga thubuai ngaihtuahtu rorelna sang a ni. Sanhedrin hi chi hnih a awm; i) ‘Sanhedrin sang ber’ (the great Sanhedrin) an ti a, member 71 awmna a ni. ii)) ‘Sanhedrin hniam zawk’ (lesser Sanhedrin) niin, member 23 awmna a ni. Sanhedrin hniam zawk hi khawpui lian thenkhatah a awm thin a. Paula dinna hi Sanhedrin sang ber rorelna a ni. 

Felika & Festa: Felika hi A.D 52-60 inkara Rom sawrhkar hnuaia Judai ram awptu (procurator) a ni. Paula an man (A.D 57-58) atanga kum hnih  hnuah (Tirh 24:27) Feasta hian A.D 60-ah Felika a thlak a, A.D 60 - 62 chhung ram awptu (procurator) a ni.

Lal Agrippa: Tirh 25:13ff-a Lal Agripa kan hmuh hi Agrippa II a ni. A pa chu Agrippa I a ni a, Agrippa I pa chu lal Heroda ropuia (Herod the great) a ni. Perea leh Galili ram thenkhat lal a ni. Juda-ho buaina chungchang bik thua thuneitu, lal ber (emperor) aiawha roreltu a ni.

Zin tawp ber: A thih hmaa a zin tawp ber tiin mi thenkhatin an sawi a, Tirhkohte Thiltih buah pawh Rom-a a zin hnu chanchin bak hi a zin zel dan chhui tur a awm tawh lo. Mahse, mi thenkhat chuan “Rom-a an man hnu hian Paula hi a chhuak a, Spain ramah a zin a, Rom-a a let leh hnuin an man a, a martar zui ta a ni” ti bawk. Spain rama zin a tum thu hi Rom 15:24 & 28-ah a awm a. A kal ngei thu erawh a awm lo mai ni lovin, ‘Spain ram kohhran tradition-ah ‘Paulan a tlawh’ tih theih tur thil a awm lo reng reng’ an ti a ni.

Eusebius: Eusebiasa hi Eusebius Pamphili tia hriat a ni. A.D314 bawr vela Kaisari (maritima) bishop a ni. Kohhran Pa te zinga mi, historian, bible hrilhfiahtu, leh kristian thurin hnial kalhtute na taka kheng thintu a ni. A chanchin tarlangtute (Eg: An Introduction to N.T by D.A Carson & Douglas J Moo, p.572) tarlan danin Eusebias hian ‘Paula chu A.D 67-ah a martar’ ati ve thung a ni.

A.D. 64 kuma kangmei chhuak: Rom khawpuia kang mei a chhuaha roreltu chu Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus a ni. Historian thenkhat chuan Rom khawpui  kan chhanah Neroa an puh  a, ‘Neroa’n a hal tir’ an ti. ‘Rom-ah hian Juda ho an pung chakin kristiante pawh an pung chak hle a. Ram rorelna nghawng khawp buaina chawk chhuaktu an ni ang tih hlauh rukna roreltuten an nei thin. Rom khawpui a kan hian, an chunga kut lekna tur remchang hmuah ngaiin, a haltuah kristiante chu an puh hlauh a. Mpui rilruah huatna tuhin, chu chuan tihduhdahna nasa leh rapthlak tak a hring chhuak ta a ni’ an ti. Rom khawpui kang hian district 14-a 4 chauh a zuah a, ni 5 chhung zet a kang niin an sawi.

1 Clement:  He lehkhathawn hi 'The Father of the Church', lehkhabu L. Shoop-a (edited) atanga lak a ni. A inziah dan ang angin lo tarlang i la - “Kan thlahtute hnen ata entawn tur thil ngaihhlut tlak awmte hi i ngaihtuah tlang ang u. Thikna leh elrelna avangin lungphun thianghlim leh ropui ber (kohhran) chuan tihduhdahna a tuar a, thih thlengin an tuar chhuak a ni. Tirhkohte kha kan mithmuhah tarlanin lo awm fo bawk rawh se. Petera chu thikna felhlel tak avangin vawi hnih khat mai ni lo; vawi tam tak tuarna pal tlangin a martar a, tichuan a phu tawk chawimawina hmu turin a chawl ta a. Thikna leh dodalna avang chauhin Paula pawhin a chhelna lawman kawng chu a zawh a. Vawi sarih kawl bun tir a ni a, khaw chhak leh khaw thlang lam thlengin chanchin Tha a tlangaupui a. A  rinna lawman hlu tak chu a hmu ta…” tiin.

Thikna leh dodalna: Thikna leh dodalna thu ‘lehkha thawn a’ (1 Clement) kan hmuh hi; Juda-te zinga thil awm emaw, ring lote leh ringtute inkara thil awm emaw a ni thei. ‘Rom khawpui a kan khan Tiber lui ral lehlama Juda-te chenna chu a kang ve hauh lo a. A haltua kristiante puh an nihin a puhtute chu Rom mi emaw Rom sawrhkar ni lovin heng Juda-ho hi an ni’ tih a ni. Tichuan, ‘Juda chi zingah emaw ring lo mi leh ringtu inkar emawa  thikna/dodalna/elrelna a ruka awm chu, kristian-te chunga tuarna thlen zawngin, remchang a awm veleh a lo puak chhuak ta a ni’ an ti a ni.